Izicwangciso, iixesha & ukwakha ihlabathi kwiromansi
Le ndidi ibandakanya izicwangciso zendawo, iixesha zembali, kunye neenkqubo zokwakha ihlabathi ezibumba kwaye zibanika umbala amabali othando kumalungu angaphantsi kweentlobo namasiko.
Fumana amagama achaza iixesha (Regency, Victorian), iindawo kunye nomoya wazo (idolophu encinci, isixeko, isiqithi), imithetho yehlabathi lomhlobo (paranormal, dystopian), kunye neenkambiso zenkcubeko okanye zentlalo ezichaza indlela yokubeka isakhiwo somxholo nabalingiswa.
Abatyebi bezindlu ezinemhlaba
i-Landed gentry ibhekisa kwiiqela lonxibelelwano loluntu laba bantu abanemhlaba abahlala ngengeniso evela kwizakhiwo zasemaphandleni kwaye banamandla endawo ngaphandle kokuba babe namagama obunkokheli. Kwixandi zothando, la malungu bakha indawo, imithetho, kunye neengxabano zendawo, ilifa, kunye nomgangatho womphakathi.
Amaqela omsebenzi kunye neQela lamathengisi
Amaqela omsebenzi yiimibhiyozo ezihleliwe zabakhi nabathengisi ezibeka amazinga, zifundise abafundi abafana-ngeentsapho, kwaye zivikele iinkcubeko zabalandeli babo; iqela lamathengisi ngabaliphileyo nabathengisi abacebileyo abenza ishishini rhubha kwaye banamandla kuphuhliso lwentlalo. Ngaphandle koko, baxhasa uqoqosho, isidanga sosapho, kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla kwizixeko ezininzi zembali nezidolophu ezingabonisi nto.
Amazwe eNkampani kunye neMegakorporati
Amazwe eNkampani kunye neMegakorporati ziindawo apho iinkampani zangasese zibamba amandla afana nawombuso, ziguqula umthetho, isiko, kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Kwiincwadi zothando zenza ubunkokheli bamandla aphezulu, ukwahlula kweklasi, kunye namathuba okwakha ihlabathi elimibalabala.
Aristocracy and Peerage
Ubukhosi kunye nePeerage zibonisa iinkqubo zobuninzi beilizwe kunye noluntu olujikeleze abo babizwa ngokuqinisekileyo—iinduna ezikhulu, ii-earls, ii-barons kunye neenkokheli zabo ezifaneleyo—ezikhundleni zazo, imithetho yokwazisa ilifa, kunye namasiko asezitalatweni achaza amandla, umtshato, kunye nodumo. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukumisa amabali othando, zidala ukungqubana kwezigaba, izibophelelo, kunye neziganeko zokulima ilifa esiphezulu.
Gaslamp Fantasy
IGaslamp Fantasy yeyinxalenye yohlobo lwesininzi elamkelekileyo lwothando, ehambisa ubuhle bexesha laseVictorian/Edwardian kunye neenkqubo zentlalo kunye nomlingo omncinci okanye iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga. Ibandakanya umoya, indlela yokuziphatha, kunye nemfihlo ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe beenkonzo, idala indawo yomdla kunye neyothando.
Ifantasi yomlando
IFantasi yomlando ixuba izilungiselelo zangempela zembali, iziganeko, okanye imikhwa yoluntu kwixesha elidlulileyo kunye nezinto ezenziwe zobungoma, zobungaqhelekanga, okanye ezibandakanya iingcinga zobungqina.
Iindawo zePlantation kunye neHacienda
Izicwangciso zePlantation kunye neHacienda ziizizinda ezinkulu zendawo ezivamileyo kwiromance yomlando neyamanje—zikhupha ubutyebi, amandla aphuma emhlabathini, kunye nohlulahlulo lwemeko yoluntu ezingenamahluko. Zinikela umoya onamandla kunye neenkcazo ezibukhali kodwa zineembali zobukolonial ezi kufuneka zilawulwe ngenkathalo nangentlonipho.
Iinkqubo ze-feudal
Iinkqubo ze-feudal ziintloko zoluntu nezomnotho ezihlelwe ngokulandelelana—zixathene nobuzulwini beenkqubo zangeminyaka emaphakathi—apho umhlaba, ukuthembeka, kunye nenkonzo zixuba iinkosi, ii-vassals, nabahlali bomhlaba. Kwimeko yokwakha ibali lothando, zenza imida ecacileyo yezigaba zoluntu, izibophelelo, kunye nemida yomthetho echaza ukhetho lwabalinganiswa kunye neengxabano.
Iinkqubo zomlingo (Ukwakhiwa kwehlabathi)
Iinkqubo zomlingo ziisethi zeemigaqo, imvelaphi, iindleko, kunye nemida elawula indlela umlingo osebenza ngayo kwihlabathi leendaba. Kwinkqubo yokwakha ihlabathi ngomtshato/uthando, ibumba izibophelo, izithintelo, kunye nolawulo lwemvakalelo phakathi kobudlelwane.
Iinkundla ze-Mythic ne-Fae
Iinkundla ze-Mythic ne-Fae zihlelwe kwaye zihlala zixhomekeke ixesha okanye kwizinto zendalo, zizidanga zabantu abangaphezulu kwemvelo — ukususela kwizithixo zesiko ukuya kwizintloko zeentlanga ezimanzisiweyo — eziqinisekisa imithetho yoluntu, ezepolitiki, nobungoma kumabali othando. Ziletha imithetho yenkonzo, izithethe, kunye nezibophelelo zokuzibandakanya kwimpatho‑yothando nezithembiso kumlingo womshado.
Ikilasi yababasebenzi bekhaya kunye noLawulo lwasekhaya
Ikilasi yababasebenzi bekhaya kunye noLawulo lwasekhaya ibhekisa kwizikhundla ezicwangcisiweyo, iindima, kunye nemithetho yoluntu elawulwa abasebenzi bekhaya kwimigangatho yembali neziganeko zokulinganisa.
Imbali eyahlukileyo
Imbali eyahlukileyo icinga into eyenzeka xa ezinye iziganeko zembali ziba zihluke, zidalela ixesha elaziwayo elinemithetho emitsha. Kwiibali zothando, oku kutshintsha imigaqo yoluntu, ukulawulwa kwamandla, kunye neengxaki ukuze amabali othando afune iimvakalelo ezintsha kunye namathuba amatsha.
Imeko yexesha elizayo elisondeleyo
Imeko yexesha elizayo elisondeleyo ibeka ibali kwiminyaka embalwa ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo ngaphambi kwexesha langoku, apho itekhnoloji noshintsho lwentlalo luyinxalenye yophuhliso lwangoku. Iyonwabile ukuhlangabezana nabantu ngokufana kodwa ihluke ngokwaneleyo ukudala ukhetho olutsha, ukungqubana, kunye namathuba okwakha ihlabathi.
Iminyaka ye-1920s
Iminyaka ye-1920s ibhekisa kwiminyaka ye-1920s, ixesha lokutshintsha kwezentlalo, i-jazz, nobuhle emva kweMfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala. Kwiiincwadi zothando, yindawo ethandwayo yezindaba zokukhululwa, ubomi obufihliweyo, kunye nobungozi obukhazayo.
Imithetho yezabelo
Imithetho yezabelo ziimigaqo ezichaza ukuba ngubani oza kufumana izabelo, izidanga, nemali emva kokufa komntu. Kwiibali, ezi mithetho zenza ukuba umdla weziganeko iimfihlo neenjongo zibe lula ukubonakala—ikakhulu kumabali obudala bothando kunye neziganeko zosapho.
Imizila yoRhwebo kunye ne-Caravanserai
Imizila yoRhwebo yayizindlela ezide—ezomhlaba nangolwandle—ezisetyenziswa ukuhambisa izimpahla, abantu, kunye neengcinga; i-caravanserai zazizindlu zokuhlala ezisemgceni okanye izikhululo zokuhamba ezazikhusela iikaravani nabahambi. Ngokudibeneyo zidala iindawo eziyutyebileyo nezihambayo apho amasiko ahlangana khona, iimfihlo zidlula, kwaye uthando luyavuka.
Indawo ye-Steampunk
Indawo ye-Steampunk idibanisa imfashini yexesha le-XIX elineVictorian kunye nolwakhiwo lwentlalo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuxhaswe ngesitim kunye neengxelo zobu-retrofuturistic eziqanjwe.
Indawo yedolophu kunye nedolophu enkulu
Indawo yedolophu kunye nedolophu enkulu ibali lexesha lobudlelwane oluxelwa kwidolophu enkulu okanye kwindawo yezixeko apho ubungakanani bedolophu, iinqaba, kunye namaxesha obomi bedolophu zenza abalinganiswa kunye nobudlelwane babo. Igxininisa ukugubha ukuxinanisa kwabantu, ukwahluka, ukunyakaza, kunye neematshumi omvakalelo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bedolophu.
Indawo yesikhathi samanje
Indawo yesikhathi samanje ibeka uthando kwihlabathi langoku (okanye kufuphi nomda weendawo ezidlulileyo/zekamva), isebenzisa ubomi bamanje, iteknoloji, kunye neenkqubo zoluntu njengomgaqo wenovelo. Iqaqambisa ukwenyani kobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nokuziva kweenkcubeko ukuze ubudlelwane bunqande ngomntu olungileyo kubafundi bakudala banamhlanje.
Indawo yesixeko esincinci
Indawo yesixeko esincinci ibeka uthando kwindawo encinci, edibeneyo—cinga iindlela eziphambili zedolophu, iindawo zokutyela zendawo, kunye nobuso abaziwayo—apho ubudlelwano kunye nenkxalabo zenza isakhiwo sencoko. Yindawo egxile ekuqhelekileyo, imbali, kunye nokuhla okuthambile kobudlelwane ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Inkcubeko yesalon
Inkcubeko yesalon ibhekisela kumgaqo woluntu—ikakhulu eYurophu phakathi kweminyaka ye-17 ukuya kwi-19—yokubamba iindibano ezingaxeliwangxabeni apho ingxoxo, ubugcisa, kunye nezopolitiko zixhanxhana. Kwizincwadi zobudlelwane, isalon yindawo ecacileyo yokuxhelana, ukuncintisana, kunye nokuqaqanjiswa kwabalinganisi.
Inkcubeko yokuthandana
Inkcubeko yokuthandana ichaza imigaqo zentlalo, imisebenzi, kunye nolindelo oluchaza indlela abantu abazibandakanya ngayo kumaxesha othando kwixesha elithile, kwindawo ethile, okanye kuluntu lwabo. Iquka konke ukusuka kwizinyathelo zokuqala ukuya kwiziphatha zabakhuseli, ukunikela izipho, iziboniso zoluthando esidlangaleni, kunye namaxesha avunyelwe okuqinisekisa ukuzibophelela.
Isiko lokuhlonipha kunye nokulwa
Isiko lokuhlonipha kunye nokulwa lichaza iinkqubo zentlalo apho isithunzi somntu—ngokuqhelekileyo esixhomekeke kusapho, isikhundla, okanye iindima zesini—sigcinwa ngeenkqubo ezisemthethweni okanye ngeminqweno, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha yimfazwe ezibulalayo.
Isipho somtshato kunye neSivumelwano somtshato
Ii-dowry kunye nezigqithiso zomtshato zizicwangciso zembali nezithethe ezibeka imiqathango yezemali, impahla, okanye ezomthetho malunga nomtshato—ngokuqhelekileyo zenza ukuba ngubani oza kutshata nabani, kwaye kutheni. Kwibali elithile, zenza umdla oqondileyo, izibophelelo, kunye nokungxama okuqhuba isakhiwo senoveli nobuntu.
Isiseko sendawo esisemaphandleni
Isiseko sendawo esisemaphandleni sibeka ibali kwindawo encinci, kwaye ibonisa uluntu oluthambekele ekulumezeni, olunokukhumbula iihome ezincinci, iimfama, indawo eluhlaza phakathi okanye imakethi—kwaye lisusa imbali, umdla, kunye nobudlelwane babalinganisi ngokusondelelanayo kunye neenkonzo zendawo. Inokuba mnandi njengendawo yokulima kwaye ilungele ukuxhasa, kodwa ihlala ixhomekeke kumntu kwaye ibanjelwe liqela noluntu.
Isixeko esikhulu kunye neDolophu yeCyberpunk
Isixeko esikhulu sisixeko esikhulu eside esidumayo, esineendawo ezininzi ezihlala abantu abaninzi; idolophu yeCyberpunk luluhlobo oluthile lwesixeko esikhulu olugxile kubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ukungalingani okukhulu, kunye nomoya we-noir one-neon. Ngokuhlanganese, banika indawo enothando efudumeleyo ephazamisa ubungakanani, umoya, kunye nengxabano yomphakathi.
Ixesha eliphakathi kwemfazwe
Ixesha eliphakathi kwemfazwe lithetha iminyaka phakathi kweMfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala kunye neMfazwe yehlabathi yesibini (malunga ne-1918–1939), ixesha lokungxama kwentlalo, iinkululeko ezintsha, kunye nodlulile lwentlungu olushiya umkhumbulo kubomi bemihla ngemihla nothando.
Ixesha emva kwemfazwe
Ixesha emva kwemfazwe lithetha ngexesha eliselandelayo emva kwemfazwe enkulu—ikakhulu kwiminyaka ye-1940s ukuya kwi-1950s—apho uluntu lwakhiwa kwakhona, iindima zoluntu zitshintsha, kwaye ubomi bemihla ngemihla bunxulumene nokuthuthuzelwa, ukungabikho kwezinto, kunye nethemba olungqongqo. Kwiinganekwane zothando, le ndawo iba yindawo enolona lwamabali okuphuma, ukuguqula, kunye nemiphumo esele isasazeka kwimfazwe.
Ixesha lamaTudor
Ixesha lamaTudor (malunga ne-1485–1603) yixesha kwimbali yaseNgilandi elawulwa ngabakumkani beTudor, lidla ngokubandakanya ubomi obungazimiyo kwinkundla, ukungcangcazela kwenkolo, kunye neefashini eziqaphelayo—indawo ekhethiwe yokuxelisa amabali othando anomdla kwezopolitiko kunye nokufuna kwentlalo.
Ixesha laseEdwardian
Ixesha laseEdwardian lithetha malunga nexesha lokuqalisa kwenkulungwane yama-20 elijikeleze ubukumkani bukaKing Edward VII (ngokuqhelekileyo 1901–1910), kwaye ngokubanzi liyandulela kwiminyaka ngaphambi kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuqala. Liyaziwa ngemfashini ezinemfanelo, imithetho yoluntu ezishintshekayo, kunye netekhnoloji zokuqala zesimanje ezitshintsha ubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nokudibana kwabathandayo.
Ixesha laseElizabethan
Ixesha laseElizabethan lithetha ubukumkani bukaNdlovukazi Elizabeth I (1558–1603) kwaye libe yindawo yomlando ethandwayo yokuthandana ngenxa yobomi bekundla obubonisa umdlalo, imigaqo yentlalo eqinileyo, kunye neenkcubeko ezibonakalayo ezichazayo. Ababhali bayisebenzisa njengendawo yokuthandana enezikhawu ezininzi, ukungqinelana kweklasi, iimaske, kunye nolwimi lwemivakalelo.
Ixesha laseGeorgian
Ixesha laseGeorgian (malunga no-1714–1830s) lilixesha lomlando eBritane elibandakanya ubukumkani babamaGeorge abane bokuqala; elaziwayo ngeenkqubo zentlalo ezahlukeneyo, iimpahla, kunye nezithuba ezenza amanovelo othando ashukumayo.
Ixesha laseKudala
Ixesha laseKudala lichaza malunga neminyaka engama-5 ukuya kwi-15 eYurophu, kwaye liyindawo ethandwayo kwimibongo yesithandwa ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo, uthando lwaseenkundleni, kunye nombutho wezenkqubo zoluntu.
Ixesha laseNapoleoni
Ixesha laseNapoleoni libhekisa kwiminyaka uNapoléon Bonaparte wakhula waba namandla eFransi (malunga ne-1799–1815) kwaye wagqiba iYurophu ngezimfazwe, kwezopolitiko, kunye nenkcubeko. Kwiromance fiction, liyabonelela ngeemeko ezinzulu—isidima samasosha, utshintsho lwentlalo, uhambo, kunye neisaloni ezikhazimayo—that heighten emotional conflict and drama.
Ixesha le-Victorian
Ixesha le-Victorian (1837–1901) lixesha lokubusa kweNkosikazi Victoria eBritani, elaziwayo ngeenkqubo zoluntu eziqinileyo, ukwahluka okukhulu phakathi kwabantu ngokweklasi, kunye nenkcubeko yezinto ezibonakalayo ezahlukeneyo ezivusa ibali lamabali othando.
Ixesha leRegency
Ixesha leRegency ngokubanzi libhekisa eBritain kwixesha eliqala ngasempuma kwenkulungwane ye-19 (c.1811–1820), elichazwa ngamanani ahlukeneyo enhlelwaneni yoluntu, iifashini, kunye neenkqubo zokunxulumana ezazibhenca iitropes ezininzi zothando lwemveli. Yindawo ekubhalwa kuyo iincwadi zikaJane Austen kwaye yindawo ethandwayo yokuxhasa uthando lwembali.
Izakhiwo zeqela nezentlanga
Izakhiwo zeqela nezentlanga ziinkqubo zobudlelwane, ubunkokheli, kunye nemithetho yoluntu ezibeka amaqela abantu babe ngamaxesha afanayo anemithwalo efanayo, amasiko, kunye nokuthembeka. Kwinkqubo yokwakha ibali lesithandano zenza ukuba kubekho ukuba ubani abayithembekayo, yiphi imiba yobudlelwane evunyelwe, kunye nento iingxaki okanye ukuxhasana okuvela kuyo.
Izicwangciso zenkundla
Izicwangciso zenkundla ziinkqubo zezimfihlo, ubudlelwane, ukuncintisana, kunye nokuhlela kwezinto ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwezindlu zobukhosi okanye zabahlonitshi. Kwiintsomi zothando, zinika ukucinezela kwemvakalelo okuphezulu kunye nezigxobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zabathandi.
Izikhululo zolwandle kunye neemeko zolwandle
Izikhululo zolwandle kunye neemeko zolwandle ziindawo zindaba ezigxile kwizibuko, izikephe, nobomi baselwandle—izinto apho ulwandle nomhlaba zihlangana khona kwaye iimilo zabalinganisi zinokutshintsha ngamatyeli. Zinikela kubabhali bothando umxube ogqibeleleyo wokuqhuba intshukumo, ingozi, iindlela zokuhlangana nabantu, kunye nomgangatho wenene womsindo ukuze kuphuculwe iimvakalelo kunye neploti.
Izikhululo zomda kunye nezenkoloniyali
Izikhululo zomda nezenkoloniyali ziba ziindawo ezincinci, rhoqo zizinzileyo, ezisemda wendawo eyondiweyo okanye kumazwe ahlukeneyo, apho abasemaphandleni, amasosha, abathengisi, nabahlali bahlangana kwaye ubomi bemihla ngemihla buchithelelwa kukungabikho kwezinto, uyingozi, kunye nonxibelelwano lwamasiko. Kwizincoko zothando ezi ndawo zinyushela umngcipheko kunye nezibophelelo zoluntu, zenza ubudlelwane buyiqhaza ngokungxamisayo kwaye bubalulekile.
Izikhungo zenkolo kunye nohambo lwenkolo
Izikhungo zenkolo ziindawo zokukhonza ezibandakanya amathempeli, iisonto, iindlunkulu zenkolo, kunye nezibingelelo ezingalungiselela ubomi bendalo ngonqumlo; uhambo lwenkolo luhambo enenjongo yokuhamba ukuya kwiindawo ezingcwele. Ngaphandle koko, zihlangene zibhubhishela iinkqubo zoluntu, imikhwa, kunye nokuhamba—izixhobo eziluncedo kwimilo yengxabano, utshintsho, kunye nomoya kumabali othando.
Izilungiselelo zomsebenzi kunye nexesha leMfazwe
Izilungiselelo zomsebenzi kunye nexesha leMfazwe ziizizinda zendaba apho imisebenzi yabalinganisi okanye imeko yomfazwe ziba nefuthe kubudlelwane, ukhetho, kunye nezibophelelo. Zisebenzisa iindima zobungcali kunye neengcinezelo zexesha lemfazwe ukudala ukungxama, ukuxakeka, kunye nobunzulu beemvakalelo kwiindaba zobudlelwane.
Izindawo zokuhlala emva kweziphithiphithi
Izindawo zokuhlala emva kweziphithiphithi ziiindibano zabahlali ezakhiwe emva kwengozi enkulu yobuzwe, zisuka kwizixeko eziqinileyo ziye kwizibonelelo zabahlala abaselula. Zenza ubomi bemihla ngemihla, imithetho yoluntu, kunye namathuba othando phakathi kwabalinganisi kumaxesha okulindela ukulondolozwa kobomi.
Iziseko zohambo (Stagecoach, Railways, Steamships)
Iziseko zohambo—izithuthi zokuhamba phakathi kweendawo (Stagecoach, Railways, Steamships)—zichaza iinkqubo zothutho ezenza indlela abantu behamba ngayo ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye, kunye nendlela amabali obudlelwane, ukwahlukana, kunye nokudibana zibuhlakani ngayo. Kwiincwadi zobudlelwane, ezi ndlela zidala indawo, iintlobo zoluntu, kunye neenkqubo ze-ploti zokuhlangana okuncinci, izithintelo, kunye nokubaleka.
Izixeko ezikufuphi nolwandle
Izixeko ezikufuphi nolwandle nezolwandle zizixeko zincinci ezakhiwe ziquka izibuko zentlanzi, iindunduma zentlanzi, okanye amaqwaqqa axinezele abasasidla—apho ulwandle luphambili ebomini bemihla ngemihla, inkcubeko, nothando. Kwibali, zinika isizinda esinukayo, esijikeleze iimvakalelo, esifanelekile amabali abathambileyo nabathatha imvakalelo.
Primogeniture kunye ne-Entailment
Primogeniture yinkqubo apho umntwana omdala—ngokwesiko indodana enkulu—uyakwazi ukufumana ilifa losapho; i-Entailment yenye indlela yomthetho evimbela ilifa ukuba liphange, lihliselwe, okanye limiswe ngaphandle kwinqanaba elichaziweyo lokulandelwa—ngokuqhelekileyo igcina ilifa ngaphakathi kwicala lamadoda. Ezi zinto zombini zimisela ukuba ngubani omele ukulawula ubutyebi, ilifa, namandla osapho kwizizukulwana.
Space Opera kunye nePlanetary Romance
Space opera kunye nePlanetary Romance ziintlobo ezimbini ze-romantic-adventure ezibekwe ngaphandle koMhlaba: i-space opera igxininisa ububanzi obukhulu phakathi kwezithuba, iinkcubeko eziphezulu zobudrama, kunye neentlobo zohlobo lwemvakalelo, ngelixa i-planetary romance ijolise kwiintsholongqo ezithambileyo nezithe zentlalo kwiplanethi enye. Zombini zixhomekeke kwizithembiso, kumaxesha aphezulu, kunye nomvakalelo owomeleleyo—ilungele amabali othando axhubisayo.
ULuntu lweNdlu yokudansa
ULuntu lweNdlu yokudansa luthatha inxaxheba kwihlabathi loluntu oluxelwe kukudansa okusemthethweni, iziganeko zesizini, kunye nemithetho, amanqanaba, kunye nezithethe ezilawula ukuba ubani ubona ukubuza nobani kwaye indlela ubudlelwane bunyuka ngayo kwimvakalelo zexesha nommandla woluntu.
Ubukumkani beziqhingi kunye neziqhingi
Ubukumkani beziqhingi kunye neziqhingi eziqokelelweyo zingendawo zembali ezenziwe ngamazwe eziqhingi ezisodwa okanye ziqulethe iziqhingi ezininzi ezinobungqina benkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, ezopolitiko neemvelo. Zithandwa kwiromansi ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kobuhlukaniso, ubuhle bendalo, kunye nezigxibo zokuthandana ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Uluntu oluxhomekeke kumgca womfazi (matrilineal) noluxhomekeke kumgca wendoda (patrilineal)
Uluntu oluxhomekeke kumgca womfazi noluxhomekeke kumgca wendoda ziinkqubo zentlalo ezilandela isizukulwane, ilifa, kunye nobunikazi bekhaya ngokuxhomekeka kumgca womfazi okanye kumgca wendoda.