What is التركيز الداخلي?

First‑person narration uses the 'I' voice and is always from a character’s point of view. Internal focalization can use first person or third person ('she/he'), but the key is the limitation of perspective — the narrative stays inside one character’s mind whether or not it uses 'I.'

Yes. Writers often switch focalization between scenes or chapters to show events from different characters’ perspectives. It’s important to signal shifts clearly (with scene breaks or chapter headings) to avoid confusing the reader.

Not exactly. Free indirect discourse is a technique within internal focalization where the narrator’s language takes on the character’s voice and thoughts without quotation marks. It’s a way to make the character’s inner voice part of the narrative tone.